Cotton yarn is a yarn made of cotton fiber through spinning process, which is called cotton thread after being folded. According to different spinning processes, it can be divided into carded yarn and combed yarn. 1) Combed yarn: It is spun from cotton fiber through ordinary spinning system. 2) Combed yarn: It is spun from cotton fiber through combed spinning system. Combed yarn is made of high-quality raw materials. The fibers in the finished yarn are straight and parallel, with less knots, good luster, evenness and high strength. This type of cotton yarn is mostly used for weaving high-grade fabrics.
2. The production and manufacturing methods of processing cotton yarn are relatively complex. Generally speaking, there are two spinning methods at present, namely, carding spinning and combing spinning. (1) Carding spinning process: cotton blending → opening and cleaning → carding → drawing → roving → spinning → post-processing → finished product inspection. (2) Combed spinning process: cotton blending → opening and cleaning → carding → combing → drawing → roving → spinning → post-processing → finished product inspection.
3. Usage Cotton yarn has a wide range of uses. It can be used as woven yarn and knitting yarn, especially combed yarn can be used to produce textiles with high quality requirements, such as high-grade sweaters, fine poplin, etc. Cotton yarn can also be used to produce electrical yellow wax cloth, tire cord fabric, high-speed sewing thread and embroidery thread for special industries.
4. Country of origin and export (1) Cotton yarn has a long history of production and export in China and occupies a certain position in foreign trade. At present, all provinces, cities and regions have the capacity to produce and export cotton yarn. Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, Jiangxi and other provinces and cities have large output and export volume. (2) The export targets mainly include Europe, the United States, Japan, Hong Kong and Macao and other countries and regions.
5. There are many ways to classify cotton yarn. (1) According to business habits: coarse count yarn: cotton yarn below "tex" is coarse count yarn. It is mainly used for weaving thick or fluffy, looped cotton fabrics, such as coarse cloth, flannelette, sturdy cloth, etc; Medium count yarn: 18-27 count cotton yarn is medium count yarn, which is used to weave plain cloth, twill cloth, satin and other general fabrics. Fine count yarn: cotton yarn with 28 counts or more, used for weaving fine cloth poplin, high-grade needle and woven fabrics. (2) According to the spinning method, combed yarn is a ring-spun yarn spun without combing process, which is used for general needle and woven fabrics; Combed yarn: using high-quality cotton fiber as raw material, a combing process is added to the ordinary combed yarn during spinning. The spun yarn is of good quality and is used to weave high-grade fabrics, such as high-grade poplin and fine cloth; Waste spinning yarn: refers to the yarn spun from waste cotton treated in the spinning process, which is used for weaving low-grade cotton blanket, flannel and blanket, etc; New spinning: It is a yarn spun with a new spinning system. (3) Divided by twist direction: Backhand twist (also known as Z-twist) yarn is most widely used in various fabrics; Smooth twist (also called S twist) yarn is used for weaving weft yarn of flannelette. (4) According to the use of yarn: warp yarn is the yarn in the direction parallel to the selvage in woven fabrics, with large strength and generally large twist; The weft yarn is the yarn in the direction perpendicular to the selvage in the woven fabric. The strength requirement is lower than that of the warp yarn, and the twist is generally lower than that of the warp yarn, maintaining a certain degree of softness; Knitting yarn is required to be clean, uniform and with small twist to prevent breakage when knitting is bent; Industrial yarn, such as tire cord, conveyor belt yarn, medical yarn, etc. (5) According to yarn dyeing and finishing and post-processing, it can be divided into: natural color yarn (also called primary color yarn): maintain the natural color of the fiber for weaving primary color grey cloth; Dyed yarn: the colored yarn obtained from the primary color yarn after boiling and dyeing is used for colored weaving; Colored yarn (including blended yarn): the yarn made by dyeing the fiber first and then spinning can be woven into fabrics with irregular spots and patterns; Bleached yarn: It is made of primary color yarn after refining and bleaching. It can be used to weave bleached cloth, and can also be interwoven with dyed yarn to form various colored fabric products; Mercerized yarn: mercerized cotton yarn. There are mercerized bleached and mercerized dyed yarns for weaving high-grade colored fabrics; Singeing yarn: the hair on the surface of the yarn is burned off by the singeing machine, and the yarn with smooth surface is made for weaving high-grade products. 6. Specification and quality: cotton yarn specification and quality: general carding single yarn specification, generally divided into 70-56, 55-44, 43-37, 36-29, 28-19, 18-17, 16-10, 9-7, 6-3 according to count; The specifications of combed cotton single yarn can be divided into 150-131, 130-111, 110-91, 90-71, 70-56, 55-44, 43-37, 36-29, 28-19 and 18-16 according to the count. Knitting yarn requires small twist and even evenness to ensure that the wool of knitted sweater is thick, elastic and warm. The yarn used for weaving is light, the weft knot is less, and the evenness is uniform. (2) Test method: according to national standards, cotton yarn is graded according to quality index and weight unevenness. The cotton yarn is rated according to evenness, neps and impurities. The quality index mainly refers to the strength of the yarn, which to some extent reflects the wearability and durability of the fabric. The grade of yarn mainly reflects the difference of yarn thickness and appearance defects, which directly affects the fabric appearance, such as the evenness of the grain, the size of clarity and shadow, etc. The yarn quality is closely related to production management, technological conditions, mechanical conditions, technical operation level, raw cotton quality and its reasonable use.
